in about 1885; in the year 2000; as early as 1885; in Hilbert's 1905 paper; the revised 1993 edition; the seminal paper of Dixmier [D] of 1951.
The best known result to date has been obtained by Strang.
For a survey of what is known to date, see [G].
In particular, $F$ is bounded (a result that dates back to a 1915 paper of Hadamard).
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