Peter Petrov Title: Homological and homotopical variation operators Abstract: After reminding the classical Zariski and Zariski – van Kampen theorems, and Lefschtetz first and second theorems, some generalizations looking at their possible unification are formulated, and homological and homotopical variation operators are defined. They are a tool for some further results proposed by Chéniot and Libgober. At the end is mentioned a conjecture of Chéniot – Eyral, which would unify the Zariski – van Kampen theorem and the second Lefschetz theorem.