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An operad of non-commutative independences defined by trees

Volume 553 / 2020

David Jekel, Weihua Liu Dissertationes Mathematicae 553 (2020), 1-100 MSC: Primary 46L53; Secondary 46L54, 05C76, 60E07. DOI: 10.4064/dm797-6-2020 Published online: 31 August 2020

Abstract

We study certain notions of $N$-ary non-commutative independence, which generalize free, Boolean, and monotone independence. For every rooted subtree $\mathcal{T}$ of an $N$-regular rooted tree, we define the $\mathcal{T}$-free product of $N$ non-commutative probability spaces and the $\mathcal{T}$-free additive convolution of $N$ non-commutative laws.

These $N$-ary additive convolution operations form a topological symmetric operad which includes the free, Boolean, monotone, and anti-monotone convolutions, as well as the orthogonal and subordination convolutions. Using the operadic framework, the proof of convolution identities such as $\mu \mathbin{\boxplus} \nu = \mu \rhd (\nu \mathbin{\boxright } \mu)$ can be reduced to combinatorial manipulations of trees. In particular, we obtain a decomposition of the $\mathcal{T}$-free convolution into iterated Boolean and orthogonal convolutions, which generalizes work of Lenczewski.

We also develop a theory of $\mathcal{T}$-free independence that closely parallels the free, Boolean, and monotone cases, provided that the root vertex has more than one neighbor. This includes combinatorial moment formulas, cumulants, a central limit theorem, and classification of distributions that are infinitely divisible with bounded support. In particular, we study the case where the root vertex of $\mathcal{T}$ has $n$ children and each other vertex has $d$ children, and we relate the $\mathcal{T}$-free convolution powers to free and Boolean convolution powers and the Belinschi–Nica semigroup.

Authors

  • David JekelDepartment of Mathematics
    University of California, Los Angeles
    520 Portola Plaza
    Los Angeles, CA 90095-1555, U.S.A.
    e-mail
  • Weihua LiuDepartment of Mathematics
    University of Arizona
    617 N. Santa Rita Ave.
    Tucson, AZ 85721-0089, U.S.A.
    e-mail

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