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Kida’s formula for graphs with ramifications

Volume 221 / 2025

Takenori Kataoka Acta Arithmetica 221 (2025), 271-291 MSC: Primary 05C25; Secondary 11R23 DOI: 10.4064/aa241106-19-8 Published online: 1 November 2025

Abstract

Recently Iwasawa theory for graphs is being developed. A significant achievement includes an analogue of Iwasawa’s class number formula, which describes the asymptotic growth of the numbers of spanning trees for $\mathbb Z_p$-coverings of graphs. Moreover, an analogue of Kida’s formula concerning the behavior of the $\lambda $- and $\mu $-invariants is obtained for unramified coverings. In this paper, we establish Kida’s formula for possibly ramified coverings.

Published in Open Access (under CC-BY license).

Authors

  • Takenori KataokaDepartment of Mathematics
    Faculty of Science Division II
    Tokyo University of Science
    Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
    e-mail

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