A+ CATEGORY SCIENTIFIC UNIT

Amenability for dual Banach algebras

Volume 148 / 2001

V. Runde Studia Mathematica 148 (2001), 47-66 MSC: Primary 46H99; Secondary 43A10, 46B28, 46H25, 46L10, 46M20. DOI: 10.4064/sm148-1-5

Abstract

We define a Banach algebra ${{\mathfrak A}}$ to be dual if ${{\mathfrak A}} = ({{\mathfrak A}}_\ast )^\ast $ for a closed submodule ${{\mathfrak A}}_\ast $ of ${{\mathfrak A}}^\ast $. The class of dual Banach algebras includes all $W^\ast $-algebras, but also all algebras $M(G)$ for locally compact groups $G$, all algebras ${\cal L}(E)$ for reflexive Banach spaces $E$, as well as all biduals of Arens regular Banach algebras. The general impression is that amenable, dual Banach algebras are rather the exception than the rule. We confirm this impression. We first show that under certain conditions an amenable dual Banach algebra is already super-amenable and thus finite-dimensional. We then develop two notions of amenability—Connes amenability and strong Connes amenability—which take the $w^\ast $-topology on dual Banach algebras into account. We relate the amenability of an Arens regular Banach algebra ${\mathfrak A}$ to the (strong) Connes amenability of ${\mathfrak A}^{\ast \ast }$; as an application, we show that there are reflexive Banach spaces with the approximation property such that ${\cal L}(E)$ is not Connes amenable. We characterize the amenability of inner amenable locally compact groups in terms of their algebras of pseudo-measures. Finally, we give a proof of the known fact that the amenable von Neumann algebras are the subhomogeneous ones, which avoids the equivalence of amenability and nuclearity for $C^*$-algebras.

Authors

  • V. RundeDepartment of Mathematical Sciences
    University of Alberta
    Edmonton, Alberta
    Canada T6G 2G1
    e-mail
    e-mail

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