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# Wydawnictwa / Czasopisma IMPAN / Bulletin Polish Acad. Sci. Math. / Wszystkie zeszyty

## Uniform continuity and normality of metric spaces in $\mathbf{ZF}$

### Tom 65 / 2017

Bulletin Polish Acad. Sci. Math. 65 (2017), 113-124 MSC: 03E25, 54E35, 54E45, 54E50, 54C20, 54C30. DOI: 10.4064/ba8122-10-2017 Opublikowany online: 23 October 2017

#### Streszczenie

Let $\mathbf{X}=(X,d)$ and $\mathbf{Y}=(Y,\rho )$ be two metric spaces.

(a) We show in $\mathbf{ZF}$ that:

(i) If $\mathbf{X}$ is separable and $f:\mathbf{X}\rightarrow \mathbf{Y}$ is a continuous function then $f$ is uniformly continuous iff for any $A,B\subseteq X$ with $d(A,B)=0$, $\rho (f(A),f(B))=0$. But it is relatively consistent with $\mathbf{ZF}$ that there exist metric spaces $\mathbf{X}$, $\mathbf{Y}$ and a continuous, non-uniformly continuous function $f:\mathbf{X} \rightarrow \mathbf{Y}$ such that for any $A,B\subseteq X$ with $d(A,B)=0$, $\rho (f(A),f(B))=0$.

(ii) If $S$ is a dense subset of $\mathbf{X}$, $\mathbf{Y}$ is Cantor complete and $f:\mathbf{S}\rightarrow \mathbf{Y}$ a uniformly continuous function, then there is a unique uniformly continuous function $F:\mathbf{X} \rightarrow \mathbf{Y}$ extending $f$. But it is relatively consistent with $\mathbf{ZF}$ that there exist a metric space $\mathbf{X}$, a complete metric space $\mathbf{Y}$, a dense subset $S$ of $\mathbf{X}$ and a uniformly continuous function $f:\mathbf{S} \rightarrow \mathbf{Y}$ that does not extend to a uniformly continuous function on $\mathbf{X}$.

(iii) $\mathbf{X}$ is complete iff for any Cauchy sequences $(x_{n})_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ and $(y_{n})_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ in $\mathbf{X}$, if $\overline{ \{x_{n}:n\in \mathbb{N}\}}\cap \overline{\{y_{n}:n\in \mathbb{N}\}} =\emptyset$ then $d(\{x_{n}:n\in \mathbb{N}\},\{y_{n}:n\in \mathbb{N} \}) \gt 0$.

(b) We show in $\mathbf{ZF}$+$\mathbf{CAC}$ that if $f:\mathbf{X} \rightarrow \mathbf{Y}$ is a continuous function, then $f$ is uniformly continuous iff for any $A,B\subseteq X$ with $d(A,B)=0$, $\rho (f(A),f(B))=0$.

#### Autorzy

• Kyriakos KeremedisDepartment of Mathematics
University of the Aegean
Karlovassi, Samos 83200, Greece
e-mail

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