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## Fundamenta Mathematicae

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## A formula for topology/deformations and its significance

### Tom 225 / 2014

Fundamenta Mathematicae 225 (2014), 229-242 MSC: Primary 55U15; Secondary 16E45, 55P35. DOI: 10.4064/fm225-1-10

#### Streszczenie

The formula is $$\partial{e}=({\rm ad}_e)b+\sum_{i=0}^\infty{\frac{B_i}{i!}}({\rm ad}_e)^i(b-a) ,$$ with $\partial {a}+{1\over2}[a,a] =0$ and $\partial{b}+{1\over2}[b,b] =0$, where $a$, $b$ and $e$ in degrees $-1$, $-1$ and 0 are the free generators of a completed free graded Lie algebra $L[a,b,e]$. The coefficients are defined by $${x\over{e^x-1}}=\sum_{n=0}^\infty{B_n\over{}n!}x^n.$$ The theorem is that

$\bullet$ this formula for $\partial$ on generators extends to a derivation of square zero on $L[a,b,e]$;

$\bullet$ the formula for $\partial {e}$ is unique satisfying the first property, once given the formulae for $\partial{a}$ and $\partial{b}$, along with the condition that the “flow" generated by $e$ moves $a$ to $b$ in unit time.

The immediate significance of this formula is that it computes the infinity cocommutative coalgebra structure on the chains of the closed interval. It may be derived and proved using the geometrical idea of flat connections and one-parameter groups or flows of gauge transformations. The deeper significance of such general DGLAs which want to combine deformation theory and rational homotopy theory is proposed as a research problem.

#### Autorzy

• Ruth LawrenceEinstein Institute of Mathematics
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
e-mail
• Dennis SullivanSUNY Department of Mathematics
Stony Brook, NY 11794-3651, U.S.A.
and
CUNY Graduate Center
New York, NY 10016, U.S.A.
e-mail

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