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## Fundamenta Mathematicae

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## On the interrelation of a theorem of Juhász and certain weak axioms of choice

### Tom 256 / 2022

Fundamenta Mathematicae 256 (2022), 261-283 MSC: Primary 03E25; Secondary 03E35, 54A35. DOI: 10.4064/fm37-2-2021 Opublikowany online: 6 October 2021

#### Streszczenie

In set theory without the Axiom of Choice ($\mathsf{AC}$), we study the open problem of the set-theoretic strength (in terms of weak choice principles) of István Juhász’s topological generalization of Neumer’s Theorem from his paper [On Neumer’s theorem, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 54 (1976), 453–454], continuing the research initiated by Tachtsis [Juhász’s topological generalization of Neumer’s theorem may fail in $\mathsf{ZF}$, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 148 (2020), 1295–1310].

Among other results, we show that none of the two conjunctions

(1) “every partially ordered set has a cofinal well-founded subset” ($\mathsf{CWF}$) $\wedge$ “every Dedekind-finite set is finite” ($\mathsf{DF=F}$) and

(2) $\mathsf {CWF}$ $\wedge$ “the union of a well orderable collection of well orderable sets is well orderable”,

imply the axiom of multiple choice for countably infinite collections of countably infinite sets ($\mathsf {MC}_{\omega }^{\omega }$), and hence Juhász’s Theorem, in $\mathsf {ZFA}$ (i.e. in Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with atoms). This settles the open problem whether either of (1) and (2) implies $\mathsf {MC}_{\omega }^{\omega }$, and substantially strengthens a result from Howard and Tachtsis [Models of $\mathsf {ZFA}$ in which every linearly ordered set can be well ordered].

We also show that “every linearly ordered set can be well ordered” ($\mathsf {LW}$) $\wedge$ the Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathsf {AC}^{\omega }$) does not imply the Principle of Dependent Choices ($\mathsf {DC}$) in $\mathsf {ZFA}$. This settles an open problem from Howard and Rubin [Consequences of the Axiom of Choice, Amer. Math. Soc., 1998]. However, the question of whether $\mathsf {LW}\wedge \mathsf {AC}^{\omega }$ implies Juhász’s Theorem, which is formally weaker than $\mathsf {DC}$, is still open.

Furthermore, we introduce a new Fraenkel–Mostowski model of $\mathsf{ZFA}$ $\wedge$ Boolean Prime Ideal Theorem $\wedge$ $\neg (\mathsf {DF=F})$ $\wedge$ $\neg$(Juhász’s Theorem), and thus providing novel information on the construction of such $\mathsf {ZFA}$-models whose number in the literature is very limited.

#### Autorzy

• Eleftherios TachtsisDepartment of Statistics and Actuarial-Financial Mathematics
University of the Aegean
Karlovassi 83200, Samos, Greece
e-mail

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